Kinematic variables of table vault on artistic gymnastics

Vault is one of the artistic gymnastics events, either for males and females competitions. Since 2001, vault regulations include an approach running of 25 m, a springboard and a rectangular table with a surface measuring 1.20 m x 0.95 m.  e table height is di€ erent among males (1.35 m), females (1.25 m) and juniors categories (1.15 m).  e competition regulations require from a gymnast to perform two vaults from  ve groups, characterized by di€ erent approaching positions on the table (FIGURE 1). For males, the number of vaults coded in each group are: 34 in group I (forward handspring), 24 in group II (handspring with 1⁄4 turn in the  rst ƒ ight phase, Tsukahara), 19 in group III (round o€ entry, Yurchenko), 16 in group IV (round o€ entry with in group the  rst ƒ ight phase, Nemov) and 14 on group V (round o€ entry with turn in the  rst ƒ ight phase of the jump, Scherbo), in a total of 107 vaults coded. For females, the number of vaults coded in each group are: 24 in group I (handspring), 14 in group II (handspring and salto), 12 in group III (1⁄4 or 1⁄2 turn in the  rst ƒ ight phase, Tsukahara), 19 in group IV (round o€ entry and salto, Yurchenko) and 11 on group V (round o€ entry with 1⁄2 turn in the  rst ƒ ight phase), in total of 80 vaults coded. Due to those coded vaults, research would be needed about general concepts of vaulting biomechanics, to develop principles for qualitative application of biomechanics to improve movement performance and to reduce the risk of injury. Abstract